Preparation of Acids
Some acids can be prepared by the direct combination of a non-metal with hydrogen. For e.g.,
In the above reactions, the obtained gases like hydrogen chloride, hydrogen iodide and hydrogen sulphide are also called the acid anhydrides. They exhibit acidic properties, only when dissolved in water.Therefore an acid anhydride is a substance that dissolves in water to form an acid. In other words, it is the acid minus water (acid - water = acid anhydride).
Examples: CO2 gas is the acid anhydride of carbonic acid, SO3 gas is the acid anhydride of carbonic acid, HCl gas is the acid anhydride of hydrochloric acid.
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Preparation by Dissolving Acidic Oxide in Water
Oxides that can add on hydrogen ions to their molecules are called acidic oxides. Thus when they dissolve in water they associate with hydrogen ions to form acids.
Preparation by the Displacement of Metal Ions of Salts of Volatile Acids by Less Volatile Acid
In the above reactions, the obtained gases like hydrogen chloride, hydrogen iodide and hydrogen sulphide are also called the acid anhydrides. They exhibit acidic properties, only when dissolved in water.Therefore an acid anhydride is a substance that dissolves in water to form an acid. In other words, it is the acid minus water (acid - water = acid anhydride).
Examples: CO2 gas is the acid anhydride of carbonic acid, SO3 gas is the acid anhydride of carbonic acid, HCl gas is the acid anhydride of hydrochloric acid.
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Preparation by Dissolving Acidic Oxide in Water
Oxides that can add on hydrogen ions to their molecules are called acidic oxides. Thus when they dissolve in water they associate with hydrogen ions to form acids.
Preparation by the Displacement of Metal Ions of Salts of Volatile Acids by Less Volatile Acid
The hydrogen ions of less volatile acids, like concentrated sulphuric acid, can help displace metal ions of salts of volatile acids, to produce the acid.
Preparation by the Action of Dilute Acids on Salts
Hydrogen sulphide is the acid anhydride.
Preparation by the Oxidation of Non-metals by Concentrated Nitric Acid
Non metals like sulphur, phosphorous get oxidized by concentrated nitric acid to form their respective acids.
Chemical Properties of acidHydrogen sulphide is the acid anhydride.Preparation by the Oxidation of Non-metals by Concentrated Nitric Acid
Non metals like sulphur, phosphorous get oxidized by concentrated nitric acid to form their respective acids.
Action on Metals
a) Metals above hydrogen in the metal activity series generally react with dilute acids to form their respective salt and hydrogen.Metal + Acid 
Salt + Hydrogen
b) Very active metals like potassium, sodium and calcium also react similarly, but tend to explode when combining with acids.
c) Nitric acid (of variousconcentrations) usually exhibits oxidizing property, rather than acidic properties. Metals such as magnesium combine with extremely dilute (1%) nitric acid to liberate hydrogen.
Action with Basic Oxides
Basic oxide + Acid Salt + Water
Action with Basic HydroxidesBasic hydroxide + Acid Salt + Water
Action with Carbonates and Hydrogen carbonates
Carbonate/Bicarbonate + Acid Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide
Action with Sulphites and Bisulphites
Sulphite/Bisulphites + Acid Salt + Water + Sulphur dioxide
Reaction With Metal SulphidesMetals sulphide + Acid Salt + Hydrogen sulphide
An indicator, when added to an acid, a neutral substance or a base, will change different colours.
Salt + Hydrogenb) Very active metals like potassium, sodium and calcium also react similarly, but tend to explode when combining with acids.c) Nitric acid (of variousconcentrations) usually exhibits oxidizing property, rather than acidic properties. Metals such as magnesium combine with extremely dilute (1%) nitric acid to liberate hydrogen.Action with Basic Oxides
Basic oxide + Acid
Salt + WaterAction with Basic HydroxidesBasic hydroxide + Acid
Salt + WaterAction with Carbonates and Hydrogen carbonates
Carbonate/Bicarbonate + Acid
Salt + Water + Carbon dioxideAction with Sulphites and Bisulphites
Sulphite/Bisulphites + Acid
Salt + Water + Sulphur dioxideReaction With Metal SulphidesMetals sulphide + Acid
Salt + Hydrogen sulphideAn indicator, when added to an acid, a neutral substance or a base, will change different colours.
| INDICATOR | COLOUR IN ACID | COLOUR IN NEUTRAL SOLUTION | COLOUR IN BASE |
| Litmus | red | purple | blue |
| Bromothymol Blue | yellow | blue | blue |
| Phenolphthalein | clear | clear | purple |
| Universal Indicator | red | Yellow-green | purple |
Fore more paper class 10th
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1 comment:
Great information and Thank you so mush for the publishing such type information with us. GenH2
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