Q 1. Justify the nature of physical and chemical properties of the compound of homologous series -2
CBSE 2013-14
A Homologous Series is a group of organic chemical compounds, usually listed in order of increasing size, that have a similar structure (and hence also similar properties) and whose structures differ only by the number of CH2 units in the main carbon chain.
1. Chemical Properties
Organic compounds that are part of the same homologous series generally have similar chemical properties as each other, due to the presence of the same functional group in the molecules of all compounds in the series.
2. Physical Properties
The physical property of any particular member of a homologous series depends on its size, or its position within the homologous series. The physical properties, such as solubility, melting point, boiling point, specific gravity etc. show a gradual change with the increase in their relative molecular masses.
Q 2. Apart from organic being where else we find carbon? Mention the form in which it is available there and also its percentage CBSE 2013-14
Ans: Apart from organic being we find carbon in the earth’s crust about 0.02% in the form of minerals like carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, coal and petroleum CBSE 2013-14
Q3. How are carboxylic acids different from mineral acid on the basis of ionization point of view? CBSE 2013-14
Ans: Carboxylic acids are weak acids and do not ionised completely where as mineral acids like HCl ionised completely.
Q5. Write chemical equation to describe different oxidations of ethanol. CBSE 2013-14
Ans: Ethanol is oxidized to ethanoic acid with alkaline KMnO4 or acidified K2Cr2O7
CH3CH2OH ----Oxidation---> CH3COOH (Ethanoic acid) + H2O
During this reaction, orange colour of K2Cr2O7 changes to green. Therefore, this reaction can be used for the identification of alcohols.
Practice assignment
1. Covalent compounds do not undergo _____.
2. The property of _______ of carbon atoms to form long chains is called catenation.
3. A group of structurally similar compounds , each member of which differs from preceding or succeeding member CH2 group is called ____.
4. What will happen if a piece of diamond is dropped in a charcoal fire?
5. The form of carbon which is used as a lubricant at high temperature is _________.
6. What is the valency of carbon in (a) Methane (b) Ethene (c) ethyne?
7. Compounds of carbon and hydrogen alone are called _________.
8. The hydrocarbons containing a triple bond are known as _________.
9. The organic compounds containing –OH as the functional group are known as __________.
10. In carboxylic acids the functional group is _________.
11. Compounds having same functional group have almost identical __________properties.
12. Isomers have same ________formula and different _________ formula.
13. The next homologue of C2H5OH is ______.
14. What is the general formula of the homologous series of Alkynes and Alcohols?
15. An organic compound A is a constituent of wine. This compound on heating with Alkaline Potassium permanganate solution gets oxidized to give another compound B which turns blue litmus red. Identify A and B. Write their chemical names and chemical formulae.
16. How will you distinguish between Hard and Soft water?
17.Give any two advantages of Detergents over soaps
18. Besides Carbon name the other elements which show the phenomenon of Allotropy.
19. How many electron pairs are shared in :
a) Single covalent bond
b) Double covalent bond
c) Triple covalent bond
20.(a) Explain with the help of chemical equation the following properties of carbon compounds-
(i)
Combustion (ii) Oxidation
(b)
How do saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons can be differentiated on the
basis of their combustion?
(c)
What are oxidizing agents ?
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