8th SCIENCE REACHING THE AGE OF ADOLESCENCE[with Solution]

Q. What do you mean by adolescence?

Answer: The period of life, when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity, is called adolescence. Adolescence begins around the age of 11 and lasts up to 18 or 19 years of age. In girls, adolescence may begin a year or two earlier than in boys

Q. What do terms teenagers and puberty signify.

Answer:  A person of the age 13 to 18 or 19 years is called ‘teenagers’.  The period of life boys and girls become capable of reproduction called puberty. It happens to be at the age of 11 or 12 in girls and 14 to 18 in boys.

Q. List the changes that take place in the body at puberty.  

Ans: the changes that take place in the body at puberty are:

(i) Increase in height:

(ii)The change in body shape

(iii) The change in the voice box and voice

(iv) Increase in the secretion of sweat glands and sebaceous glands

(v) Development of Sex Organs

Q. What do you mean by Adam’s apple?

Answer: At puberty the growing voice box in boys can be seen as a protruding part of the throat called Adam’s apple. Appearance of Adam’s apple marks the end of adolescence.

Q. What is menstruation? Explain?

Answer: In case of no fertilization, the released egg, and the thickened lining of the uterus along with its blood vessels are shed off.  This causes bleeding in women once in about 28 to 30 days which is called menstruation.

The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and is termed menarche. At 45 to 50 years of age, the menstrual cycle stops. Stoppage of menstruation is termed menopause.

Q. What causes pregnancy?

At puberty, the ovum begins to mature and is released by one of the ovaries once in about 28 to 30 days. During this period, the wall of the uterus becomes thick and capable to receive the egg. In this case egg is fertilized by sperm and begins to develop. This results in pregnancy.

  

Q. During the age between 13-18 year, boys start developing beard and moustaches .Give reason?

Answer: This is because of the secretion of sex hormones which bring about change in the body.

Q. Why physical exercise and balanced diet are essential during adolescence.

Answer: Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth and development. Hence to keep body healthy and fit, physical exercise and balanced diet are essential during adolescence.

Q. Why adrenaline hormone is called emergency hormones?

Answer: This is because it prepares body to fight and to run fast. It also helps the body to adjust to stress when one is very angry, embarrassed or worried.

Q. What is the term used for secretions of endocrine glands responsible for changes taking place in the body?

Answer: Hormones is the term used for secretions of endocrine glands responsible for changes taking place in the body.

Q. Sweat gland secretes more during adolescence. Why?

Answer: During adolescence, sebaceous glands enlarge and produce more sebum under the influence of hormones called androgens.

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